Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associated Professor Institute of Language, Literature and History of Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia [email protected]
Abstract. The paper deals with the actual for modern linguistics problem of interchange of grammatical units. The variation of case and postpositional units with an adverbial is considered that till now has not been the object of research. The work purpose is to reveal units interchanging with an adverbial, to specify the contexts supposing variation of grammatical units, to define occurrence of interchanging units. The study was conducted on material of the Udmurt language. On the example of the Udmurt adverbial the author shows that different language units can interchange with one and the same language unit in different contexts. Interchanging units differ with frequency characteristics: one of them is more preferable, another is less common. It is established that at expression of spatial relations and means of action an adverbial interchanges with units of locative meaning (prolative postpositions, a prolative, an inessive, an elative) and with an instrumental, which is less common in comparison. At drawing of substantive attribute an adverbial varies with a nominative, an instrumental, and an elative, which are much inferior to it of the frequency of use. Interchanging units in most cases are in relations of free variation; their choice can be influenced by different understanding of the situation by the speaker.
Key words: the Permian languages, the Udmurt language, a case, semantics, an adverbial, variation of grammatical units.