Impersonal sentences expressing the state of nature and surrounding reality in the Udmurt language
English
journal number:
Journal’s Subject Headings:
Philology
About author:
I. A. Lekontseva Udmurt State University, Izhevsk, Russian Federation, inlekontseva@gmail.com
N. V. Kondratyeva Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhevsk, Russian Federation, nataljakondratjeva@yandex.ru
N. V. Kondratyeva Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhevsk, Russian Federation, nataljakondratjeva@yandex.ru
ABSTRACT
Introduction: impersonal sentences represent a significant part of the syntactic system of many languages, reflecting various aspects of reality, including the state of nature and the surrounding reality. In Udmurt linguistics, despite general studies of impersonal constructions,
there is no detailed classification of sentences denoting the state of nature and the surrounding reality, taking into account modern structuralsemantic and semantic approaches. This article aims to fill this gap by offering a comprehensive analysis and classification of the main
groups of impersonal sentences of the modern Udmurt language, expressing the state of nature and the surrounding reality.
Objective: the objective of the paper is to classify impersonal sentences of the Udmurt language, denoting the state of nature and the surrounding reality: one based on a semantic approach and the second based on a structural-semantic approach, as well as to identify their
features and compare the results in order to better understand the mechanisms of expression of impersonal states in the Udmurt language.
Research materials: the examples used in the article are taken from the literature of Udmurt writers placed in the National Corpus of the Udmurt Language.
Results and novelty of the research: based on the analysis of empirical material, for the first time in Udmurt linguistics, a detailed classification of groups of impersonal sentences denoting the state of nature and the surrounding reality was carried out using semantic
and structural-semantic approaches, which made it possible to identify previously undescribed types and subtypes of these constructions in the Udmurt language. Within the framework of the semantic approach, impersonal sentences with the meaning “the state of nature and the surrounding reality” in the Udmurt language can be divided into two groups: the first combines statements that focus on a person’s sensory perception of external factors (through hearing, smell, touch and vision), the second covers the direct reflection of weather conditions (hydrometeorological, thermal, atmospheric electrical, optical, wind, and seasonal phenomena). From the point of view of the structural and semantic approach, impersonal sentences of the Udmurt language that convey a description of natural phenomena and environmental conditions can be divided into four groups: locative-subjective, object-subjective, instrumentalsubjective and subjectless.
Key words: Udmurt language, syntax, impersonal sentences, classification of impersonal sentences, state of nature
For citation: Lekontseva I. A., Kondratyeva N. V. Impersonal sentences expressing the state of nature and surrounding reality in the Udmurt language // Vestnik ugrovedenia = Bulletin of Ugric Studies. 2026; 16 (1/64): 59–67.
Introduction: impersonal sentences represent a significant part of the syntactic system of many languages, reflecting various aspects of reality, including the state of nature and the surrounding reality. In Udmurt linguistics, despite general studies of impersonal constructions,
there is no detailed classification of sentences denoting the state of nature and the surrounding reality, taking into account modern structuralsemantic and semantic approaches. This article aims to fill this gap by offering a comprehensive analysis and classification of the main
groups of impersonal sentences of the modern Udmurt language, expressing the state of nature and the surrounding reality.
Objective: the objective of the paper is to classify impersonal sentences of the Udmurt language, denoting the state of nature and the surrounding reality: one based on a semantic approach and the second based on a structural-semantic approach, as well as to identify their
features and compare the results in order to better understand the mechanisms of expression of impersonal states in the Udmurt language.
Research materials: the examples used in the article are taken from the literature of Udmurt writers placed in the National Corpus of the Udmurt Language.
Results and novelty of the research: based on the analysis of empirical material, for the first time in Udmurt linguistics, a detailed classification of groups of impersonal sentences denoting the state of nature and the surrounding reality was carried out using semantic
and structural-semantic approaches, which made it possible to identify previously undescribed types and subtypes of these constructions in the Udmurt language. Within the framework of the semantic approach, impersonal sentences with the meaning “the state of nature and the surrounding reality” in the Udmurt language can be divided into two groups: the first combines statements that focus on a person’s sensory perception of external factors (through hearing, smell, touch and vision), the second covers the direct reflection of weather conditions (hydrometeorological, thermal, atmospheric electrical, optical, wind, and seasonal phenomena). From the point of view of the structural and semantic approach, impersonal sentences of the Udmurt language that convey a description of natural phenomena and environmental conditions can be divided into four groups: locative-subjective, object-subjective, instrumentalsubjective and subjectless.
Key words: Udmurt language, syntax, impersonal sentences, classification of impersonal sentences, state of nature
For citation: Lekontseva I. A., Kondratyeva N. V. Impersonal sentences expressing the state of nature and surrounding reality in the Udmurt language // Vestnik ugrovedenia = Bulletin of Ugric Studies. 2026; 16 (1/64): 59–67.
