Elementary simple sentences with the meaning of state in the Uralic languages of Siberia (Khanty and Nenets)
English
journal number:
Journal’s Subject Headings:
Philology
About author:
Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Introduction: the description of human state and its environment occupies an important place in the system of any language. For the typological characterization of elementary simple sentences of static semantics, it is necessary to characterize the ways of expression of the predicate and the syntactic models in which they are used.
Objective: to identify the specifics of the system of static models in the two Uralic languages of Siberia ‒ Khanty and Nenets in comparison with one of the Tungus-Manchurian languages ‒ Evenk.
Research materials: examples in the Kazym dialect of the Khanty language, Forest and Tundra dialects of the Nenets language, obtained primarily from informants, as well as extracted from published sources, and examples on the Evenk language from linguistic works.
Results and novelty of the research: the models of elementary simple sentences describing the state of man and the environment in the Khanty and Nenets languages against the background of Evenk are compared. Isosemic and non-isosemic ways of expression of static semantics are revealed. The novelty of the study is that for the first time a special lexical and grammatical class of statives is distinguished for the Khanty and Nenets languages. These include intransitive verbs of static semantics, which have a special type of inflection different from actional verbs: statives are not used in object conjugation, since they are avalent or monovalent, when expressing a state they appear in the form of subject conjugation. In both languages, lexical units are represented that indicate a change in the state by their grammatical form: in the Nenets language, these are verbs in the form of reflexive conjugation; in the Khanty language these are forms of the passive voice, which also indicates the causation of the state as a result of external forces. The meaning of the state is expressed isosemically (by verb sentences with statives) and non-isosemically (by nominal sentences with adjectival predicates and some other ways).
Key words: elementary simple sentence, statality, characterization, state of man and nature, Khanty language, Nenets language, Evenk language, subject conjugation, reflexive conjugation, passive voice, stative.
Acknowledgements: the author expresses the gratitude to the anonymous reviewers, as well as to all informants – native speakers of the Khanty and Nenets languages.
For citation: Koshkareva N. B. Elementary simple sentences with the meaning of state in the Uralic languages of Siberia (Khanty and Nenets) // Vestnik ugrovedenia = Bulletin of Ugric Studies. 2021; 11 (4): 659–670.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: the description of human state and its environment occupies an important place in the system of any language. For the typological characterization of elementary simple sentences of static semantics, it is necessary to characterize the ways of expression of the predicate and the syntactic models in which they are used.
Objective: to identify the specifics of the system of static models in the two Uralic languages of Siberia ‒ Khanty and Nenets in comparison with one of the Tungus-Manchurian languages ‒ Evenk.
Research materials: examples in the Kazym dialect of the Khanty language, Forest and Tundra dialects of the Nenets language, obtained primarily from informants, as well as extracted from published sources, and examples on the Evenk language from linguistic works.
Results and novelty of the research: the models of elementary simple sentences describing the state of man and the environment in the Khanty and Nenets languages against the background of Evenk are compared. Isosemic and non-isosemic ways of expression of static semantics are revealed. The novelty of the study is that for the first time a special lexical and grammatical class of statives is distinguished for the Khanty and Nenets languages. These include intransitive verbs of static semantics, which have a special type of inflection different from actional verbs: statives are not used in object conjugation, since they are avalent or monovalent, when expressing a state they appear in the form of subject conjugation. In both languages, lexical units are represented that indicate a change in the state by their grammatical form: in the Nenets language, these are verbs in the form of reflexive conjugation; in the Khanty language these are forms of the passive voice, which also indicates the causation of the state as a result of external forces. The meaning of the state is expressed isosemically (by verb sentences with statives) and non-isosemically (by nominal sentences with adjectival predicates and some other ways).
Key words: elementary simple sentence, statality, characterization, state of man and nature, Khanty language, Nenets language, Evenk language, subject conjugation, reflexive conjugation, passive voice, stative.
Acknowledgements: the author expresses the gratitude to the anonymous reviewers, as well as to all informants – native speakers of the Khanty and Nenets languages.
For citation: Koshkareva N. B. Elementary simple sentences with the meaning of state in the Uralic languages of Siberia (Khanty and Nenets) // Vestnik ugrovedenia = Bulletin of Ugric Studies. 2021; 11 (4): 659–670.
