Ob-Ugric Institute of Applied Researches and Development, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russian Federation, [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Introduction: in the article the author for the first time considers the semantics of the preverb аrа with the general meaning of separation in combination with verbs representing different lexacal-semantic groups:
destruction, motion, distribution, displacement and others. Up to the present the list of such verbs has not been revealed and there is no detailed description of the change of their verbal valence on the material of the Khanty language. As part of the verbal predicate of the Khanty sentence there is a preverb, a word-formative element of the adverb origin, which modifies or changes the meaning of the verb depending on the syntactic compatibility.
Objective: the author reveals the verbs with preverbs  аrа, lakki/lokki/lukki, arri and describes the change of the valence of verbs, their semantics and syntactic compatibility. The results of the research can be used in comparing of related and multi-structural languages, as well as for the composing of scientific grammar of the Khanty language.
Research materials: the material of the study are the verbs of Kazym, Shuryshkar, Uralic dialects of the Khanty language with preverb ara and their analogues lakki/lokki/lukki, arri, collected by the author from informants and partially extracted from the dictionaries of the Khanty language.
Results and novelty of research: preverb ara mainly joins to verbs of destruction, motion, distribution, and displacement. As a result, there is possibility to make observations on the change in the number of valences of derivative verbs: preservation of the number of valences or decrease in the number of valences of a verb. LSG verbs of motion and displacement lose the locative valence; verbs of separation, coverage don’t change the valence; change in the composition of the semantic group of verbs of state is caused by the syntactic compatibility of the verb with different types of subjects (animate, inanimate). The peculiarity of the derivative verbs with preverb ara is the change of semantics or structure of meanings of polysemantic verbs.
Key words: valence, lexical-semantic group, verbs of destruction, motion, preverb, semantics.
Acknowledgements: I express my gratitude to the anonymous reviewers, as well as to all informants, who are fluent in the Khanty language and feel the nuances of the meanings of Khanty words.
For citation: Solovar V. N. Features of the semantics of Khanty verbs with the preverb ara // Vestnik ugrovedenia = Bulletin of Ugric Studies. 2018; 8(3): 470–478.