Institute of Language, Literature and History, Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, tsypanov@mail.illhkomisc.ru
ABSTRACT
Introduction: in recent decades, the study of the semantic content of linguistic units, primarily lexical resources, has been actively developing in modern linguistics. Polysemy as a phenomenon in the development of vocabulary also covers toponyms, in particular, in the
development of horonyms, which have not been studied in Komi linguistics.
Objective: to identify the most complete semantic volume of the Komi lexeme parma, a non-equivalent word with a natural geographical meaning, as well as in expanding meanings in speech and literary language. Special attention will be paid to the chronology
of the appearance in the language of the meaning of the word, which is synonymous with the folk horonym, the combination of Komi mu ‘Komi land’.
Research materials: the author’s collection of the use of the Komi lexeme parma, words and lexicological phrases with this word, as well as materials from various dictionaries of the Komi language published in the XIX and XX centuries.
Results and novelty of the research: as a result of the analysis, five lexico-semantic variants that make up the components of the semantic volume of the parma lexeme in the Komi language are presented, and the way to expand the semantics of an initially equivalent
word, which has not yet been the object of a separate study in the scientific literature on Komi lexicology and toponymy, is determined. The process of expanding semantics from the basic meaning of a natural object (various types of forest) to a toponymic one is studied in
detail, which led to the use of the word as a burial name for the Komi region.
Key words: Finno-Ugric languages, Permian languages, Komi language, lexicology, toponymy, macrotoponyms, horonyms, polysemy
Acknowledgments: the publication was prepared within the framework of the planned research topic of the Institute of Language, Literature and History “Permian languages as a historically formed and dynamically developing system” (126020216215-0).
For citation: Tsypanov E. A. Parma as a macrotoponym and horonym in the Komi Language // Vestnik ugrovedenia = Bulletin of Ugric Studies. 2026; 16 (2/65): 305–312. DOI: 10.30624/2220-4156-2026-16-2-305-312