Doctor of historical sciences, associate professor, professor of general studies department Gzhel State Art-industrial institute Gzhel, Russia [email protected]
Abstract. The article raised the question of comparing the economic and cultural changes, changes in the mass consciousness, related with the development of trade in the North of Tobolsk area and in Kazakhstan steppe in the end of the XIX-beginning of XX centuries. The author identifies some specific features of the steppe trade and business, comes to the conclusion about the mental progress in consciousness of Kazakh people retired from the nomadic way of life.
Keywords: Modernization, colony, traditional type of economy and mode of life, subsistence farming and trade, “daily life”, “ours” and “others”, changes in consciousness.