Abstract. Economic decisions and actions of the heads of the Soviet state at the initial stage of development of indigenous small peoples of the North assumed the course of a variety of social and economic conditions of life order: from simple collective forms of farming to more diffi cult ones. But in the 30 years all has sharply changed: forced collectivisation, comprehensive nationalisation of the land and the basic means of production were compulsory introduced: pastures, hunting and fi shing economy holdings, cattle, deers; production and distribution processes, distribution, exchange and consumption processes were regulated. During the last years – creation of national communities and family holdings, introduction of market relations to traditional sphere of economic activities.
Keywords: indigenous small peoples of the North, revival of tribal communities, market relations in traditional sector of economy.