The Udmurt Prikamye Region of XVIII - early XX centuries: birth and development of ethnic stereotypes
English
journal number:
Journal’s Subject Headings:
History, ethnography, archeology
About author:
Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhevsk, Russian Federation, cpeg@rambler. ru
ABSTRACT
Introduction: an important direction of modern regional scientific research is the appeal to the ethnic images of the Udmurt Prikamye Region, in particular, the study of peoples’ representations about each other; the building of certain universal characteristics of a particular ethnic group. In modern scientific literature the characteristics of 300-100 years ago are often uncritically repeated. Meanwhile, ethnic stereotypes have their own history of development and for a long time have largely determined the nature of relationships in this local society. This explains the need for their objective scientific research.
Objective: characterization of the origin and development of ethnic stereotypes about non-Russian peoples of the Udmurt Prikamye Region from the moment of their first written fixation to the beginning of the XX century.
Research materials: the works of academic scientists-travelers of the XVIII century, ethnographers of the second half of the XIX century, articles of the Vyatka press of the second third of the XIX century, as well as the archival sources of the late XVIII - early XX centuries (petitions, clerical documentation, audit lists), that reflected the ethnic stereotypes about the peoples of Udmurtia among the Russian common people and in official circles. In the work the system-chronological and comparative-historical methods of analysis were used.
Results and novelty of the research: for the first time on the basis of the published works and archival materials the article considers the development of ethnic stereotypes of the pre-revolutionary period about the peoples of the Udmurt Prikamye Region. The representations in the spirit of the Enlightenment, reflected in the academic works of the XVIII century, at the regional level received refraction and further development mainly since the second third of the XIX century. At the same time the manifestations of the emerging everyday nationalism were documented. In the post-reform period the differences between “aliens” and the Russians are artificially intensified. At that time such vivid prejudices about the non-Russian peoples of the region developed as their ignorance of a wheel, general drunkenness, suicide for revenge, diligence, etc. Primarily negative ethnic stereotypes were massively distributed to the beginning of the XX century so much so that they already caused a reverse reflection. Modern representations have been largely influenced by cliches from the publications of the past.
Key worlds: Udmurt Prikamye Region, Udmurt people, Besermyan people, Tatar people, Mari people, Russian people, academic travelers, press, ethnographers, domestic nationalism, ethnic stereotypes
For citation: Pislegin N. V The Udmurt Prikamye Region of XVIII - early XX centuries: birth and development of ethnic stereotypes // Vestnik ugrovedenia = Bulletin of Ugric Studies. 2023; 13 (1/52): 170-178.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: an important direction of modern regional scientific research is the appeal to the ethnic images of the Udmurt Prikamye Region, in particular, the study of peoples’ representations about each other; the building of certain universal characteristics of a particular ethnic group. In modern scientific literature the characteristics of 300-100 years ago are often uncritically repeated. Meanwhile, ethnic stereotypes have their own history of development and for a long time have largely determined the nature of relationships in this local society. This explains the need for their objective scientific research.
Objective: characterization of the origin and development of ethnic stereotypes about non-Russian peoples of the Udmurt Prikamye Region from the moment of their first written fixation to the beginning of the XX century.
Research materials: the works of academic scientists-travelers of the XVIII century, ethnographers of the second half of the XIX century, articles of the Vyatka press of the second third of the XIX century, as well as the archival sources of the late XVIII - early XX centuries (petitions, clerical documentation, audit lists), that reflected the ethnic stereotypes about the peoples of Udmurtia among the Russian common people and in official circles. In the work the system-chronological and comparative-historical methods of analysis were used.
Results and novelty of the research: for the first time on the basis of the published works and archival materials the article considers the development of ethnic stereotypes of the pre-revolutionary period about the peoples of the Udmurt Prikamye Region. The representations in the spirit of the Enlightenment, reflected in the academic works of the XVIII century, at the regional level received refraction and further development mainly since the second third of the XIX century. At the same time the manifestations of the emerging everyday nationalism were documented. In the post-reform period the differences between “aliens” and the Russians are artificially intensified. At that time such vivid prejudices about the non-Russian peoples of the region developed as their ignorance of a wheel, general drunkenness, suicide for revenge, diligence, etc. Primarily negative ethnic stereotypes were massively distributed to the beginning of the XX century so much so that they already caused a reverse reflection. Modern representations have been largely influenced by cliches from the publications of the past.
Key worlds: Udmurt Prikamye Region, Udmurt people, Besermyan people, Tatar people, Mari people, Russian people, academic travelers, press, ethnographers, domestic nationalism, ethnic stereotypes
For citation: Pislegin N. V The Udmurt Prikamye Region of XVIII - early XX centuries: birth and development of ethnic stereotypes // Vestnik ugrovedenia = Bulletin of Ugric Studies. 2023; 13 (1/52): 170-178.
