Abstract.This article presents the results of long-term of research and understanding of problems the author of developmental disorders of speech, understood as the inability of the acquisition language skills, and aphasia, understood as a result of the decay of language skills – high consolidation in premorbide figures of speech. The author developed algorithms of the acquisition and disintegration of the main of speech skills. The author emphasizes that its represent a syncretic unity mastered at all stages of speech ontogenesis and has a different localization in the brain. It is argued that it allowed to look in a new way at main problems of development of speech in children and aphasiology and also number of open questions, still remains debatable.
Keywords: aphasia, speech skills, development of the speech, integrative unity, acquirement, deterioration, depth of deterioration, depth of non-development, children without speech, alalia, sensorial aphasia, motor aphasia, spontaneous compensation, brain mechanisms.