Graphic and phonetic differences in Khanty dialects according to sources of the XVIII century
English
journal number:
Journal’s Subject Headings:
Philology
About author:
Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Linguistic of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Introduction: the dialect classification of Khanty dialects varied among different researchers. In this regard, the next questions arise: how many dialects were in the Khanty language? When did the differences between Eastern, Southern and Northern dialects appear? It was revealed that other languages, in particular, the Mansi one had dialects that disappeared already at the beginning of the XIX century. Based on the material of other Finno-Ugric languages – Komi, Mansi, Selkup, and Sami – it was revealed that dialects can change significantly even over 100 years. In this regard, the analysis of archival
data of the XVIII century is relevant for the Khanty language.
Objective: to identify dialect differences in the first dictionaries of Khanty dialects collected in the XVIII century by P. S. Pа́llas.
Research materials: dictionaries of Khanty dialects of the XVIII century from the A. M. Sjögren’ fund №94 “Linguistic materials collected by Academician P. S. Pа́llas”.
Results and novelty of the research: these dictionaries have not been studied before, and the dictionary of the Tobolsk dialect was not previously known to scientists. As the analysis showed, the dialects could be divided into three groups: Southern (Tobolsk), Eastern (Vasyugan, Surgut), Western (Beryozovo, Irtysh, and Salym). The greatest number of innovative changes by the XVIII century occurred in the Tobolsk dialect. It was characterized by the following innovations: Proto- Khanty *a > o, *ɔ > u, *l > t/tl, *ć > t’, *w > 0|_u and a number of processes that began, but have not yet completed: *č > š,
*ʌ > tl, *kV > x. The Western and Eastern ones differed slightly: by the isogloss of Proto-Khanty kV > x and the processes that began in the Western dialects: *a > o, *č > š. Later, in the period from the XVIII–XIX centuries, the Eastern and Northern
dialects changed slightly for almost three hundred years, but the Southern Irtysh and Salym dialects underwent significant changes from the XVIII century to the end of the XIX century. Presumably, the specific phonetic features of the Southern Khanty dialects (the Tobolsk in the XVIII century and the Irtysh and Salym in the XIX century) arose as a result of contacts with Turkic tribes, in particular, with the Eastern Bashkirs and Kazakhs, who have a transition *l > t.
Key words: Khanty dialects, archive data, graphic and phonetic features, language contacts
Acknowledgments: the work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation Grant №20-18-00403.
For citation: Normanskaya Yu. V. Graphic and phonetic differences in Khanty dialects according to sources of the XVIII century // Vestnik ugrovedenia = Bulletin of Ugric Studies. 2022; 12 (1): 84–93.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: the dialect classification of Khanty dialects varied among different researchers. In this regard, the next questions arise: how many dialects were in the Khanty language? When did the differences between Eastern, Southern and Northern dialects appear? It was revealed that other languages, in particular, the Mansi one had dialects that disappeared already at the beginning of the XIX century. Based on the material of other Finno-Ugric languages – Komi, Mansi, Selkup, and Sami – it was revealed that dialects can change significantly even over 100 years. In this regard, the analysis of archival
data of the XVIII century is relevant for the Khanty language.
Objective: to identify dialect differences in the first dictionaries of Khanty dialects collected in the XVIII century by P. S. Pа́llas.
Research materials: dictionaries of Khanty dialects of the XVIII century from the A. M. Sjögren’ fund №94 “Linguistic materials collected by Academician P. S. Pа́llas”.
Results and novelty of the research: these dictionaries have not been studied before, and the dictionary of the Tobolsk dialect was not previously known to scientists. As the analysis showed, the dialects could be divided into three groups: Southern (Tobolsk), Eastern (Vasyugan, Surgut), Western (Beryozovo, Irtysh, and Salym). The greatest number of innovative changes by the XVIII century occurred in the Tobolsk dialect. It was characterized by the following innovations: Proto- Khanty *a > o, *ɔ > u, *l > t/tl, *ć > t’, *w > 0|_u and a number of processes that began, but have not yet completed: *č > š,
*ʌ > tl, *kV > x. The Western and Eastern ones differed slightly: by the isogloss of Proto-Khanty kV > x and the processes that began in the Western dialects: *a > o, *č > š. Later, in the period from the XVIII–XIX centuries, the Eastern and Northern
dialects changed slightly for almost three hundred years, but the Southern Irtysh and Salym dialects underwent significant changes from the XVIII century to the end of the XIX century. Presumably, the specific phonetic features of the Southern Khanty dialects (the Tobolsk in the XVIII century and the Irtysh and Salym in the XIX century) arose as a result of contacts with Turkic tribes, in particular, with the Eastern Bashkirs and Kazakhs, who have a transition *l > t.
Key words: Khanty dialects, archive data, graphic and phonetic features, language contacts
Acknowledgments: the work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation Grant №20-18-00403.
For citation: Normanskaya Yu. V. Graphic and phonetic differences in Khanty dialects according to sources of the XVIII century // Vestnik ugrovedenia = Bulletin of Ugric Studies. 2022; 12 (1): 84–93.
