About the half-calques in the modern Mari language
English
journal number:
Journal’s Subject Headings:
Philology
About author:
Candidate of Philological Sciences, associated proffesor Mari Research Institute of Language, Literature and History named after V.M. Vasilyev Yoshkar-Ola, Russia [email protected]
Abstract: The paper is devoted to half-calqued nouns in the Mari language, which are made according to the models of Russian words. Also the history of researching of calquing processes in Mari linguistics is briefly shown. Other Mari compounds with the borrowed component of Russian origin are discussed as well. The half-calques, revealed on the basis of ten-volumed Mari dictionary and spelling dictionaries of both literary norms, are classified depending on the origin and concrete manifestation of their components. The results show that half-calques are typical for the Meadow Mari. In the Hill Mari sources there were found just six compounds with the second component borrowed from Russian (as пелеботинкӹ «low shoes»). In the Meadow Mari norm more than 70 half-calques with the first borrowed component (as фотокагаз «photo paper») and 15 half-calques with the second borrowed component (as аныккассе «savings bank») were revealed. The relative abundance of the compounds with the first borrowed component is mostly linked to the fact that the words with «regular» first components (electro-, photo-, radio-, tele-, auto-, film-, etc.) and some shorte-hands (med-, rai-,polit-, etc.) tend to be calqued more actively. Along with the half-calques there is a considerable amount of other compounds with the components of Russian origin. There can be half-calques among them as well. The revealing of them requires detailed examenation of appearing of individual words in the written sources.
Key words: Mari language, Russian language, calquing, half-calques, noun, compounds, component, Russian borrowing.
Abstract: The paper is devoted to half-calqued nouns in the Mari language, which are made according to the models of Russian words. Also the history of researching of calquing processes in Mari linguistics is briefly shown. Other Mari compounds with the borrowed component of Russian origin are discussed as well. The half-calques, revealed on the basis of ten-volumed Mari dictionary and spelling dictionaries of both literary norms, are classified depending on the origin and concrete manifestation of their components. The results show that half-calques are typical for the Meadow Mari. In the Hill Mari sources there were found just six compounds with the second component borrowed from Russian (as пелеботинкӹ «low shoes»). In the Meadow Mari norm more than 70 half-calques with the first borrowed component (as фотокагаз «photo paper») and 15 half-calques with the second borrowed component (as аныккассе «savings bank») were revealed. The relative abundance of the compounds with the first borrowed component is mostly linked to the fact that the words with «regular» first components (electro-, photo-, radio-, tele-, auto-, film-, etc.) and some shorte-hands (med-, rai-,polit-, etc.) tend to be calqued more actively. Along with the half-calques there is a considerable amount of other compounds with the components of Russian origin. There can be half-calques among them as well. The revealing of them requires detailed examenation of appearing of individual words in the written sources.
Key words: Mari language, Russian language, calquing, half-calques, noun, compounds, component, Russian borrowing.
