Institute of Language, Literature and History, Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Introduction: the formation of the case systems of the Permian languages has been going on for many centuries under the influence of various trends occurring in different historical periods: from the Proto-Uralic language state to the time of the separate existence of the Komi-Zyryan, Komi-Permian and Udmurt languages and their dialects. In the course of the historical evolution of languages, morphological and functional-semantic characteristics of common Permian cases have been changed; therefore, it is relevant to identify common and distinctive features of case systems of related languages.
Objective: to identify differences in the semantic structure of the elative in the Komi-Zyryan, Komi-Permian and Udmurt languages.
Research materials: the empirical basis of the study was original texts in the Komi-Zyryan, Komi-Permian and Udmurt languages from printed sources and electronic corpora.
Results and novelty of the research: for the first time, a comparative study of the semantic structure of the elative of the Permian languages was undertaken. It was established that in each of the Permian languages, the elative has specific functional and semantic features. Correspondences to the elative within the Permian languages divide into two groups. The first one consisted of ablative, egressive and postpositions, diachronically ascending to elative word forms, which allows us to reconstruct the spatial meaning of the proto-Permian elative as elative-ablative. The second group of correspondences was formed by the postposition ponda (понда) ‘for’ in the Komi-Permian and the postposition ponna (понна) ‘for’ in the Udmurt language, as well as the instrumental and the accusative. It distinguishes the elative of the Komi-Zyryan language against the background of the Udmurt and Komi-Permian languages. In related languages, case and postpositional units with elative and non-elative semantics correspond to the elative in such cases, and the elative ones are characteristic for the Baltic-Finnish and Mordovian languages, the inelative ones – for the Mari language. The specific meanings of the Komi-Zyryan elative can be attributed to the phenomena that arose as a result of language contacts. New data are introduced into scientific circulation, which can be used in comparative historical and typological studies of cases.
Key words: intra-genetic typology, Finno-Ugric languages, Permian languages, morphology, case category, elative, semantics
Acknowledgements: the publication is prepared as part of the implementation of the state task of the Federal Research Center Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the state registration number of the project FUUU-2021-0008 «Permian languages in the linguocultural space of the European North and the Urals».
For citation: Nekrasova G. A. Elative in the Permian languages: interlanguage differences // Vestnik ugrovedenia = Bulletin of Ugric Studies. 2022; 12 (1): 74–83.